Abnormal vibrations in a pneumatic wrench during use are usually closely related to wear, loosening, or damage to internal components. This vibration not only affects operational comfort but can also accelerate tool wear and even pose safety hazards.
The blades, as the core power conversion component of the pneumatic wrench, directly affect the vibration level. Normally, the blades should maintain a precise fit with the cylinder wall, forming a dynamic seal to separate compressed air. If the blades wear, deform, or break due to prolonged use, the sealing performance will decrease, leading to compressed air leakage and pressure fluctuations. These fluctuations will cause the blade rotation trajectory to deviate, generating periodic impact forces, which in turn cause vibration. For example, in one repair case, the pneumatic wrench suddenly experienced high-frequency vibration during operation. Disassembly revealed that the edge of one blade was curled, causing frequent collisions with the cylinder wall during rotation.
Wear or corrosion of bearings is another common cause of abnormal vibration. Bearings support the rotational motion of the rotor and spindle. If lubrication is insufficient or the bearing is exposed to a humid environment for a long time, the bearing balls or raceways may rust, leading to increased rotational resistance. At this point, the rotor rotation is no longer smooth, but accompanied by periodic jamming. This uneven motion is amplified through the transmission system, resulting in overall tool vibration. Furthermore, improper bearing installation or excessive axial clearance can also cause similar problems. For example, a pneumatic wrench in a certain factory continued to vibrate severely after bearing replacement; inspection revealed that the new bearing was not properly installed, causing axial movement.
Loose or worn fit between the cylinder and cylinder head can also cause vibration. The cylinder is the chamber where compressed air performs work, and its seal with the cylinder head directly affects power output. If the cylinder head fixing bolts are loose or the gasket is aged, compressed air may leak from the gaps, leading to unstable pressure within the cylinder. This pressure fluctuation causes uneven force on the impeller, producing lateral vibration. Simultaneously, wear on the cylinder inner wall increases the gap between the blades and the cylinder wall, further exacerbating vibration. For example, a maintenance record showed that a pneumatic wrench developed low-frequency vibration after continuous operation; disassembly revealed multiple scratches on the cylinder inner wall, and the gap between the blades and the cylinder wall exceeded the standard value.
Wear or damage to the impact components is a direct cause of abnormal vibration. The impact components of a pneumatic wrench include an impact rod, impact block, and cam, which convert rotational power into hammering force. If these components wear, break, or deform due to prolonged use, it can lead to uneven distribution of hammering force, resulting in periodic impact vibration. For example, a pneumatic wrench in a car repair shop suddenly emitted abnormal noises while disassembling bolts. Inspection revealed that the impact block was broken, and the broken part frequently struck other components during rotation, causing severe vibration.
Abnormalities in the air supply system can also indirectly cause vibration. If the compressed air contains moisture, oil, or impurities, it may clog the internal air passages or lubrication system of the pneumatic wrench, hindering component movement. For example, aging air hose connections leading to gas leaks can cause fluctuations in air supply pressure, affecting the stability of the tool's output torque and causing vibration. Furthermore, excessively high or low air supply pressure can also cause the tool to operate outside its design parameters, exacerbating vibration.
Abnormal vibration during the use of a pneumatic wrench is the result of multiple factors working together. From the sealing of the blades to the lubrication of the bearings, from the fitting precision of the cylinders to the integrity of the impact components, and the stability of the air supply system, any abnormality in any of these aspects can trigger vibration. Therefore, regular maintenance and inspection are crucial, including cleaning internal impurities, replacing worn parts, adjusting air supply pressure, and lubricating key components. This can effectively reduce the risk of vibration and extend the tool's lifespan.
